Results/Lok Sabha/Kerala/Ernakulam/1998 Results/Lok Sabha
ECI results
Constituency result · Lok Sabha · 1998

Ernakulam

Parliamentary constituency 11 (GEN) · Kerala

State boardKerala 1998

[01]Result · 1998

#11 · GEN
Poll dateNot recordedNo poll date in the source
Contestants4Candidate lines
Electors11,27,002
Votes polled7,76,105
Turnout68.9%
NOTADid not existIntroduced in 2013
WinnerAdv. George EdenIndian National Congress3,89,38750.2% of votes
MARGIN74,508 votes · 9.6 pp3,89,387 − 3,14,879
Runner-upDr. Sebastian Paul Independent3,14,87940.6% of votes
INC 55.3% of top-two votesIND 44.7%

All candidates 4

  1. 01 Adv. George EdenINC3,89,387 50.2%
  2. 02 Dr. Sebastian PaulIND3,14,879 40.6%
  3. 03 V.V. AugustineBJP62,262 8.0%
  4. 04 Jose PadikkalIND4,084 0.5%

Turnout 68.9%

025507510068.9%TURNOUT◦ state median 70.6%
Male 5.57 lakh49.5% Female 5.70 lakh50.5%

Share of 11,27,002 electors

  • Sex ratiofemales per 1,000 males1,022
  • NOTAintroduced in 2013Did not exist
  • State median turnoutmedian of 20 seats, 199870.6%
  • ReconciliationΣ 4 candidates = 7,70,612Residual 5,493

Seat history 2024–1977

  1. 2024
    6.7 pp
    Benny BehananIndian National Congress
  2. 2019
    13.4 pp
    Benny BehananIndian National Congress
  3. 2014
    1.6 pp
    InnocentIndependent
  4. 2009
    9.0 pp
    K.P. DhanapalanIndian National Congress
  5. 2004
    10.7 pp
    Dr. Sebastian PaulIndependent
  6. 2003
    3.0 pp
    Dr.Sebastian PaulIndependent
  7. 1999
    14.3 pp
    Adv. George EdenIndian National Congress
  8. 1998
    9.6 pp
    Adv. George EdenIndian National Congress
  9. 1997
    1.6 pp
    Adv. Sebastian PaulIndependent
  10. 1996
    4.2 pp
    Xavier ArrakkalIndependent
  11. 1991
    6.4 pp
    K.V. ThomasIndian National Congress
  12. 1989
    4.7 pp
    K. V. ThomasIndian National Congress
  13. 1984
    12.7 pp
    K. V. ThomasIndian National Congress
  14. 1980
    0.6 pp
    Xavier Varghese ArakalIndian National Congress
  15. 1977
    1.6 pp
    Henry AustinIndian National Congress

Winning margin in percentage points; bars scaled to the widest, 14.3 pp.

[02]Computed insights

Arithmetic · working shown

  1. The top two polled 90.7% of votes; the other 2 candidates 8.5% between them.

    (3,89,387 + 3,14,879) ÷ 7,76,105 = 90.7% · 66,346 ÷ 7,76,105 = 8.5%

  2. Turnout of 68.9% was 1.7 pp below the state's median seat (70.6%).

    68.9 − 70.6 = −1.7

  3. The margin widened from 1.6 pp in 1997 to 9.6 pp.

    9.6 − 1.6 = +8.0 pp

  4. The seat changed hands: IND in 1997, INC in 1998.

    1997 IND · 1998 INC

Each line is arithmetic over the figures on this page.

[03]Reconciliation

Reconciliation failed
  • Candidate votesΣ 4 candidate lines7,70,612
  • NOTAintroduced in 2013Did not exist
  • Published totalVotes polled7,76,105
  • Checkneither convention holdsResidual 5,493

Candidate votes miss the published total by 5,493, with NOTA counted inside or outside it.

Contest resultElection Commission of India, constituency-wise results · Lok Sabha 1998 · Kerala · retrieval date not recorded in the results database

Candidates4 candidate lines from the same results · reconciliation: Reconciliation failed

State median turnoutComputed from 20 seats on the Kerala Lok Sabha 1998 board · retrieval date not recorded in the results database

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